Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) was an Indian poet, novelist, playwright, composer, painter, and thinker who reshaped modern Indian culture. Writing mainly in Bengali, he produced poetry, fiction, essays, songs, and plays marked by lyrical humanism and spiritual depth. His work Gitanjali won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore composed the national anthems of India and Bangladesh, founded Visva-Bharati University, and championed education, internationalism, freedom of thought, and bridging East and West. His ideas influenced global literature, art, politics, education and ethics. He passed away in 1941.